ap style bulleted lists capitalization ap style bulleted lists capitalization

in English from the University of Rhode Island, an M.A. Example: You will not be accepted if you have been diagnosedwith: RECOMMENDATION: If youre creating along document full of bulleted items, you may choose to be consistent and end each item with aperiod. 7.2.15 New section added on when to capitalize names of degree programs. Government, including federal government and U.S. government. AP style provides consistent guidelines for such publications in terms of grammar, spelling, punctuation and language usage. A: AP uses hyphenated e- for generic terms such as e-commerce and e-strategies. Lists Introduced with a Complete Sentence AP style capitalization is mainly used by writers for the Associated Press but is also used widely throughout journalism. Lower is default; upper is special. Prepositions that contain five letters or more. . Lowercase and spell out when not used with an individual name: The president issued a statement. Birth certificate . Grammar (essential vs. nonessential clauses; pronouns; subject-verb agreement ), Q: I'm confused on the use of "that" and "who" when talking about groups. The art instructor assigned three projects for the spring semester: 2. Do it anyway. Here is a sampling of frequently asked questions, with examples of AP style used in answers. Published: November 13, 2012 Updated: August 22, 2020. Q: Is clarity essentially the only rule determining when a serial comma should be included? The individual list items following the complete sentence are usually lowercased if they arent complete sentences themselves. Ordered lists that are part of an incomplete introductory sentence are lowercased and punctuated as if each item was inside the sentence.5, The animal shelters most generous donors were, 2. local businesses, including the hardware store, grocery store, and coffee shop; and. AP flags such cases atop the story with an editor's note. Good business writing seeks to make information easy to understand. AP Style: Sentence Fragments and Capitalization Finally, let's look at Associated Press style. It's hard for some people to wrap their heads around this rule, especially if each . Then craft an attention-grabbing headline, write the body of your press release, add the boilerplate section, and distribute your press . But here are a few things you might not realize are actually lowercase in AP style. And if so, when? Should each point start with a capital letter and end with a period? Use either all full sentences in your bullet lists or all fragments. Were often asked whether you need a period at the end of each entry in a list. Write a strong thesis statement, compose the body of your essay, complete the introduction, and. Semicolons Use in Lists: Items with Internal Punctuation Very helpful stuff! The most accepted style guide in business writing and web publishing is the AP Stylebook. Lowercase to in the infinitive (though not defined in the stylebook). I am a technical writer and editor who shares writing-related software tutorials on this website and on YouTube. These include short words and conjunctions: The other major type of title capitalization standard is sentence case. Use a rubber glove to twist the lid off. News media (datelines; headlines; newswriting ). Content style guide Capitalization As part of our plain language style, we use sentence capitalization as the standard on VA.gov, with a few exceptions. This is the fourth in a six-part series. This isn't an exhaustive list, but it will get you started. Try it with a list of shorter items like this. Follow @APStylebook AP uses dashes to introduce individual sections of a list, like this: - Put a space between the dash or bullet and the first word of each item in the list. Unordered lists occasionally appear without bullets.8 However, strongly consider using bullets whenever possible because bullet-less list items can be difficult to identify on mobile devices with responsive text layouts. For lists of fragments, short phrases, or words, capitalization is optional: As with the other optional punctuation above, though, make sure to use a consistent capitalization style throughout your writing. Q: Should the names of decades be capitalized when written out? Local Phone: (623) 399-6676 | Entries (RSS). Q. Q: Others use one word for internet-related terms. Now check your email to confirm your subscription for My Blog Editor blog alerts. A: In AP headline style, only the first word and proper nouns are capped. Mary founded Instructional Solutions in 1998, and is an internationally recognized business writing trainer and executive writing coach with two decades of experience helping thousands of individuals and businesses master the strategic skill of business writing. endstream endobj 29 0 obj <> endobj 30 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[603 407.25 648 420.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[270.75 387.75 315.75 401.25]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[281.25 368.25 318.75 381.75]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>>]/Contents[34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R]/CropBox[0 0 792 612]/MediaBox[0 0 792 612]/Parent 26 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSets[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 31 0 obj <>stream Colon Capitalize the first word after a colon only if it is a proper noun orFile Size: KB. Zip Airline offers If you have questions, read our. In AP style, headlines capitalize the first word, proper names, or proper abbreviations, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. That's . The Copyeditors Handbook (Einsohn). Punctuating every introduction with a colon and every list item with a period regardless of other structural issues (such as complete versus incomplete introductory sentences and list-item formatting) could potentially decrease flow and readability. In this review, we'll further consider how the semicolon operates in forming lists that involve items in a series. Capitalization is a style choicewith sentence fragments, you can choose to start each with either upper- or lower-case letters. Do use a comma before the last item in a series when it contains items with and/or. (AP Style reminds writers that it is still correct to use bullets if preferred.) A: Use "that" for a thing, "who" for the personal pronoun, although "that" also fits some human references. It's like APA style in that you capitalize the first word after a colon if it's the start of at least one complete sentence. There's an old joke: In business writing, yes, use a colon at the end of the introductory stem sentence. 205-921-5556. A: Eight states are never abbreviated in datelines or text: Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah. Capitalize the first word in each bullet. Cite it. This is usually done when each list entry finishes an introductory phrase, as shown below: Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox. Take the sentence "She has decided: She won't have surgery to hide the scar.". - Use periods, not semicolons, at the end of each section. A AP Style - use dashes, capitals and periods. RULE: Use periods after independent clauses, dependent clauses, or long phrases that are displayed on separate lines in alist. Bullet points. label all file pages (and the disk itself) with your designatedcode. Write it. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. Inconsistent punctuation; Sometimes the grammar isn't parallel between items. Another easy decision. Do not capitalize articles, prepositions (regardless of length), and coordinating conjunctions. Should the opening stem sentence end with a colon to introduce the bullet lists or use no colon? Any symbol may be used for the bullets, although small circles or squares are typical software defaults. By far, this is the most vexing punctuation issue! Asthma or some allergies. . Modern Language Association (MLA) Handbook, 9th Edition Capitalization Rules, Best Book Writing Software and Book Writing Apps, Cursive Text Generator , Buscador de palabras y descifrador de palabras, Select your title capitalization style above by clicking on a tab. Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. Use a lettered list if you want to emphasize separate parallel items within a sentence. In this tutorial, well explore guidelines for how to write vertical lists. in compound modifiers (e.g., Mid-year, Anti-hero, etc.). Vertical lists can be ordered or unordered and can be introduced by complete or incomplete sentences, all of which affect how the individual list items are capitalized and punctuated. It also connects closely related thoughts. ap style bulleted lists capitalization veterinary ophthalmologist santa barbara June 22, 2022 flood banks advantages and disadvantages montana national guard jobs ap style bulleted lists capitalization veterinary ophthalmologist santa barbara June 22, 2022 flood banks advantages and disadvantages montana national guard jobs ap style bulleted lists Don't use a bulleted list for only one item. x]0)} N "d/J]g<3gcyY?9Y\}xLgH*vVQ8e[!}mg%O*~OqoEhe9k=~o^p{?~7?ZOu6ImR)Gow=\JrP In AP style, the word that begins the list or series should generally only be capitalized if it is a proper noun. All major words in titles (including small words, such as "Is" and "It"); for example, "Business and Economics". AP has a few punctuation rules that differ from many common style guides: Do not use a comma before the last item in a simple series ("My favorite candy includes Snickers, Twix and Zagnut bars."). In APA 7, you have two options for punctuating bulleted phrases: to include no punctuation after each list item and after the last list item or to include commas or semicolons, as appropriate, after each list item and final punctuation at the end of the list. Examples: House Cleaning Tips: Remove items from shelves before dusting. Dates, time, eras (July 4, 2008; 9 a.m.; the Great Depression ), Q: When referring to a time span, I never know when to use a dash to separate the two times (ex. Bulleted Lists: APA uses bulleted lists to avoid the perception of importance/priority connotated in numbered lists. A: 2-5 p.m. is preferred. Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions (regardless of length). Because AP recommends the colon and AP is the preferred business writing style guide, I recommend using it consistently in your business writing. Capitalize the first word of the title/heading and of any subtitle/subheading. Bulleted lists: Capitalize the first letter after the bullet. Capitalize the first and the last word of titles and subtitles. The following example demonstrates this format as well as how to include a citation for the information in the bulleted list. Your subscription includes the . To create a bulleted list, use the bulleted list function of your word-processing program. Finally, should you capitalize the first letter of each entry in a vertical list? You have multiple options to capitalize and change the case of your titles, headlines, song titles, book titles, email subjects, and more. For MBA, AP Style don [t use periods. Sorry to pile on here, but your discussion of verb endings is inadequate. . You can quickly convert your text or title to all caps by selecting the UPPER button on the tool. The rule of thumb in AP style is that things should be lowercased unless a rule indicates that they're upper. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. DO NOT capitalize plural words even when part of a proper name (e.g. AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. A: "don't ask, don't tell" policy. A: AP style is email (changed from e-mail), but other e- words are hyphenated: e-commerce and e-book. Use a period after bullet list that completes the opening stem sentence that introduces it. The huge difference is that AP colon rules allow you to use a colon after a sentence fragment. Q: Is clarity essentially the only rule determining when a serial comma should be included? The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style . The capitalization chapter has new guidance on how to write about census divisions and geological formations. Read this and other articles on English grammar, mechanics, and usage at Get It Write. Capitalize the first word of every bullet. Avoid a mix. But if you are using a style guide, you may want to check it for guidance on which style to use. If you have a list of full sentences or a list with a mix of full sentences and fragments we suggest capitalizing the first letter in each item. Q: Veteran's Benefits, Veterans Benefits or Veterans' Benefits? Clean windows with a newspaper and . A list of information can be neatly organised using bullet points. A colon can introduce a long quotation or one of more than one sentence, because it says to a reader: "There's more coming here than you thought. Style Bullets Capitalize the first letter after a bullet. Lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions. Your email address will not be published. Example: The software in this price range offers many excellent features: RULE: When one item contains acomplete sentence, punctuate all bulleted items as though they were complete sentences: capitalize the beginning words and use aperiod at the end of each item. Q: My AP Stylebook always lists examples in italics, so it's difficult to see if italics are part of the style. Learn how your comment data is processed. A: Normally staff is a collective taking a singular verb, Spelling (one word or two; hyphenation; noun phrases; prefixes; suffixes), Titles (academic; courtesy; professional; military; occupational; political; religious). The rule of thumb in AP style is that things should be lowercased unless a rule indicates that theyre upper. Awesome sauce! A: AP uses dashes, not bullets, for lists in news stories that follow a colon. If checked, quotes will be output as straight quotes. - Put a space between the dash or bullet and the first word of each item in the list. Its all about readability. Well, that was really helpful; thanks for the effort. However, in lists of bullet points, the beginning of a point is also indicated by space and the item marker (whether a bullet, a number, or a letter). Numbers One through nine are spelled out, 10 and above are figures (Arabic numerals). AP Style calls for periods after each bullet point, but Texas A&M House Style allows either periods or no periods - just pick one and be consistent. Q: If using "member of Congress" instead of congressman/congresswoman, should "member" be capitalized? STATES: Abbreviate state names when listed after a city. It makes it easier for your reader. - Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. This is ultimately a matter of stylistic preference. Your email address will not be published. Were so programmed to capitalize only proper nouns and the first word of acomplete sentence that it almost seems wrong to capitalize single words and phrases. However, clear bullet list punctuation adds visual scan-ability to your business writing. Also, please note that ads, brochures and legal contracts may require some deviation from these guidelines. Considering those rules, these hyphenated words would all be correctly capitalized in titles: In the list above, up, in, on, off, and out are adverbs-not prepositions. hb```"3VTa`0p4 )x3JH2HgQW(Iz8Nul i@fP!40XE&,0e0v`do`6c $X1)`U&y[#b s .6[ If youre confused about what words to capitalize in a title or headline, we recommend using our title capitalization tool above, but if you want specific capitalization rules, they are as follows. Beyond that, all three capitalize the first and last word of a title. Please try again. If necessary, rewrite the list item so that all items begin with capital letters or all items begin with lowercase words. When to Use a Colon With Capitalization: The puppy left a trail of destroyed items in his wake: shredded papers, mangled stuffed animals and what looked like the remains of a shoe. Numbered lists (as noted on p. 64 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association) can be used to denote items in a series, such as conclusions or procedural steps. Get an email every time a new blog post is published. We wont send you spam. When do Iuse periods and when do Ileave bulleted items without end punctuation? When a vertical list follows a full sentence, introduce it with a colon. Use a numbered list if you want to display items in a numbered series. 4.24.14 AP style rules on state abbreviations updated. Chicago Style is one of the most used and respected headline capitalization methods used in journalism. J%HfTH@zGI8a. Infants often display prosocial behaviorthat is, behavior intended to help otherswhen interacting with their parents, as demonstrated in the following examples (Hammond & Drummond, 2019): If bulleted items are words or phrases (but not complete sentences), begin each item with a lowercase letter (except words such as proper nouns). Recently, we looked at how to write run-in lists, which are lists that appear inside sentences. A: Veterans benefits, lowercase and not a possessive, is usually a descriptive term. To keep bullets simple and consistent, I take a dual approach to styling them, based on whether the items in the list are complete sentences or partial sentences. 48 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C><8DCDC806A06A984EB23F9AC6F5FBCE2C>]/Index[28 32]/Info 27 0 R/Length 99/Prev 782230/Root 29 0 R/Size 60/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Capitalize the important words in the title, Subordinating conjunctions (when fewer than 5 letters), Coordinating Conjunctions (and, but, for), Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including. How will ChatGPT affect the communications profession? A: As a descriptive term, doctorate in psychology is lowercase. Others, like the Chicago Manual of Style, suggest lowercasing it. A colon adds emphasis, too. Garner's Modern American Usage inserts periods at the end of bullet lists only if the bullet list begins with a capital letter. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as "play with"), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. A: We follow Webster's on that term, which is lowercase. hn7_@os@`v6Y8m.sSWloK6]G\#4:RsJ.Sv1b0',K4;mgbj\l~}7N|7W}v0qp}_n]QQL~yNy?NQ2*yZ_p@PnCx'q%6\zr0nqfopzpyb"uGh7? Capitalize the first word in a bullet point and the introduction to the list, but not the rest. Q: If you have a hyphen in a headline, is the word after the hyphen capitalized? If all else fails, when it comes to accepting AP style: Just do it. Capitalization, Case Internet The word internet is all lowercase (unless, of course, it starts a sentence or comes after a bullet) . Topics: Writer's Passport, Writing & Editing. You should always use a colon before a bulleted or numbered list. Your points should be consistent, either all sentences or all fragments. AP Stylebook: Use periods after bullets. driving, in which people text while in their vehicle (Schroeder & Sims, 2018). Bulleted lists. is lowercase. Next, read the lead-in word or phrase again followed by the second item on the list. People who grew up in the 1980s watched a lot of television, including: If you arent a strict follower of AP style, consider using the general guidelines explained in the sections above instead of those outlined in this alert box. 6. A: A few examples: Radar, Laser, NATO, OPEC. This will automatically indent the list as well. Possessive versus descriptive Q: A months confinement or a month's confinement? 0 If that sounds like a lot to remember, think of it this way instead: as a general rule of thumb, any word that's three letters or less should not be capitalized. A: a month's confinement, per the QUASI POSSESSIVES section of the "possessives" entry. Quick Links: How to Use Capitalize My Title, What to Capitalize in a Title (What Is Title Case, What Is Sentence Case), Title Capitalization Rules by Style (APA, Chicago, AP, MLA, BB, AMA, NY Times, Wikipedia). Do you need a colon to introduce a list? The two major capitalization styles for headlines and titles are sentence case and title case. That includes newspaper names and magazine references. The buttons at the bottom let you choose specific case conversion options for the various styles. To help, weve prepared a guide to punctuating and capitalizing bullet points. 2023 American Psychological Association, 750 First St. NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242, Telephone: (800) 374-2721; (202) 336-5500. I like apples. July 31, 2019. and Ph.D. See "doctor" for an explanation of Dr. as a title for medical doctor on first reference. Capitalize major words, e.g. There are two options for the punctuation of bulleted lists when the items are words or phrases. A: Always use figures for people, animals and objects: 3-year-old house. Fax: 205-921-5595 2131 Military Street S Hamilton, AL 35570 View Location Q: Great Depression is capitalized and so is American Revolution. Find it. A: Commas in a series are for clarity and prevention of ambiguities. Words that should not be capitalized include: Online and technology (the web; the internet; URL; computers; e-commerce ). Numbered lists may appear with or without the period after the number. Dont use a period at the end of a bullet if the bullet lists are one word or a short phrase that feels like an inventory or shopping list. However, most people now leave out the extra punctuation. 5 Free French-to-English Translation Services. Capitalize My Title requires JavaScript to be enabled in order to run. Include the dateline - BRYAN-COLLEGE STATION, Jan. 1, 2022; . However, you can omit the colon when a list follows a partial sentence. A: corporate (adj.) To make peace with periods in a list, think of the entire list (including the lead-in word or phrase) as several sentences (all of which need a period at the end). And if youd like any more help with the punctuation and capitalization of lists in a document, dont forget we have proofreaders available 24/7! 8 Tips to Make Your Writing Sound More Formal, Capitalization in APA, Chicago, MLA, and AP. AP Stylebook recommends: "Capitalize the first word following the dash or bullet. Navigating the not-so-hidden treasures of the APA Style website. The capitalization rules are as follows: Wikipedia editors must follow certain capitalization rules for any posts to Wikipedia. This is a grammar guide that accompanies our post on how to write better bullet points. 1 ). According to APA Style, the first word after the colon is capitalized only if it begins a complete sentence. I love traveling to Ireland because of its: [AP, Garner, and Gregg use the colon here. In our latest quarterly roundup of AP Style reminders, we cover back-to-school terms, travel terminology, and more. 10439 W Royal Palm Rd., Peoria AZ 85345 Lower is default; upper is special. Q: Is it staff has or staff have? When your writing is crisp, clear, and easy to understand, audiences will likely leave your site with a positive impression. Of course, youll want to keep using capitals for all the basics: the beginning of every sentence, proper nouns like names and specific locations, days of the week and months. I like oranges. However, Garner qualifies this: "If you begin each item with a lowercase letter, put a semicolon at the end of each item, use and after the next-to-last item, and put a period after the last item." Whether a numbered list is being used when a bullet list would be more appropriate, or vice versa, Bullets normally preface unordered list items.7. Example: There are anumber of tags used in HTML, including: RULE: Its not necessary to use periods after short phrases or single words in alist, if the introductory statement is grammatically complete (see below) or if the listed items are like those on an inventory sheet or ashopping list.