how does flak ammunition work how does flak ammunition work

Image courtesy the German Federal Archive. There were a few that were specifically armoured like the Russian Il-2 and German Hs 129 ground attack aircraft to withstand light flak hits. Magazines contain . When I say sheer firepower, in January 1944 20,625 flak guns were protecting the Reich, and even a German Flak officer estimated 4,000 x 88mm shells were needed to down one bomber. Press J to jump to the feed. A great little gun that packs 10+1 rounds of 9mm and features a 3.4" barrel - perfect for our carry gun test. Sign upfor our newsletterhere. The US found that flak that was high generally caused some damage to bombers but was far less likely to shoot them down than flak that was low. The front shows an 88 flak artillery gun in the center. Advanced Cannons and some simple weapons use custom shells designed by players through Ammo Controllers and customisers. fine for not having a boat licence qld; cherokee brick products Thompson was sent to the British Air Defence Establishment based on the second of the two concepts. Flak in World War II takes the reader from the invasion of Poland in 1939 right to the last Japanese aircraft shot down by AA fire in August 1945. <br /> Speed was a factor, and most fighter pilots knew that when strafing a target you never made a second pass.. http://bit.ly/subAIRBOYD Timeless classic about anti-aircraft flak. A Fearsome Feline. [39] It was not a fuze for anti-aircraft shells, the most valuable type. Ammunition is used by Weapons, Vehicles, and player manned defenses. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The Hush-Kit Book of Warplanes will feature the finest cuts from this site along with exclusive new articles, explosive photography and gorgeous bespoke illustrations. The versatile gun earned nearly mythical status among Allied flyers, infantrymen, and tank crews. Flak is defined as the bursting shells shot at aircraft from enemy guns on the ground, or criticism or opposition. While smaller shells without fuzes will need to actually hit the aircraft to damage it, most all other AAA will have some type of fuzing. Exiting that black smoke is the invisible shrapnel that will hit the aircraft. It was from the cannon shells and incendiary bullets that had hit my machineBullets were going between my legs, and I remember seeing a bright flash of an incendiary bullet going past my leg into the gas tankThen a little red tongue licked out inquiringly from under the gas tank in front of my feet and became a hot little bonfire in one corner of the cockpit.". This article focuses on which ammo to select in a given . In his words, "The one outstanding characteristic in this situation is the fact that success of this type of fuze is not dependent on a basic technical idea all of the ideas are simple and well known everywhere. When the target was far away, little of the oscillator's transmitted energy would be reflected to the fuze. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Additionally, this Quora page has a lot of good info and graphics explaining the use and necessity of this same fragmentation principle in air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles. However, the phase relationship between the oscillator's transmitted signal and the signal reflected from the target varied depended on the round trip distance between the fuze and the target. There are 4 types of Flak Cannon ammunition: Explosive: Base ammo. Flak came into English as an abbreviation for the German word Fliegerabwehrkanone, meaning aircraft-defense gun. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrapnel_shell. Over the course of the German V-1 campaign, the proportion of flying bombs flying through the coastal gun belt that were destroyed rose from 17% to 74%, reaching 82% during one day. How do you write a good story in Smash Bros screening? The Japanese did not develop a robust AA defensive system. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Incendiary ammunition is a type of ammunition that contains a chemical that, upon hitting a hard obstacle, has the characteristic of causing fire/setting flammable materials in the vicinity of the impact on fire. Ammunition. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Saturday NatSec Roundup - Lawyers, Guns & Money. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. (LogOut/ Log in or Sign up to interact with the community. World War I. 50 Rounds of 124gr MC 9mm Ammo by Remington. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Unreal Tournament is a series of multiplayer first person shooters made by Epic Games. [9] A breadboard circuit was constructed and the concept was tested in the laboratory by moving a sheet of tin at various distances. Due to the forward speed of the bomber, bombs fitted with pressure detonators would all explode at about the same height above ground along a horizontal trajectory. His in-depth and comprehensive study of German flak defences clearly showed how effective they really were. Prototype fuzes were then constructed in June 1940, and installed in "unrotated projectiles", the British cover name for solid-fueled rockets, and fired at targets supported by balloons. Also in 1944, fuzes were allocated to the British Army's Anti-Aircraft Command, that was engaged in defending Britain against the V-1 flying bomb. Flak as we know it ( the exploding ordinance variety ) works by using fuses. The B Mark VI incendiary bullet was packed with nitrocellulose, and a small steel ball was placed in the tip of the bullet to ensure that the chemical exploded on impact. how does flak ammunition work Feb 19, 2014 Jack Beckett, Guest Author. Observers may not be practical in many situations, the ground may be uneven, and the practice is slow in any event. The versatile 88mm cannon was Germany's main heavy antiaircraftor "flak"gun during World War II. In order to be used with gun projectiles, which experience extremely high acceleration and centrifugal forces, the fuze design also needed to utilize many shock hardening techniques. Flak, or Fliegerabwehrkanone, works by arming artillery class cannons for the use of Anti-Air duties. U.S. General George S. Patton credited the introduction of proximity fuzes with saving Lige and stated that their use required a revision of the tactics of land warfare. As the missile cruises towards its target the laser energy simply beams out into space. [44] One tube was an oscillator connected to an antenna; it functioned as both a transmitter and an autodyne detector (receiver). In December 1940, Tuve invited Harry Diamond and Wilbur S. Hinman, Jr, of the United States National Bureau of Standards (NBS) to investigate Berkner's improved fuze and develop a proximity fuze for rockets and bombs to use against the German Luftwaffe. According to 5e designer Jeremy Crawford, " Bonuses stack, unless a feature or item tells you otherwise. From left to right: 90 mm shrapnel shell, 120 mm pig iron incendiary . Acting like a normal bullet in flight, then after a short delay, it will explode into 5 more bullets. How did flak guns work in WW2? This allowed for aiming at night and in bad weather.. In response to OPs question, the answer involves the invention of Radar. Measures 1 13/16 X 2 9/16 inches. It examines heavy flak defences, flak over the battlefield, the failure of ship AA defences early in the war; specifically the Bismarck and the sinking of the Prince of Wales and Repulse in 1941, AA . These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The .308 is the most preferred caliber for snipers all over the world. "Eco-Friendly Biodegradable & Compostable Packaging Solution" current temperature near mysuru, karnataka; is mondo guerra still designing clothes When an 88mm projectile exploded at altitude, it sent out jagged metal fragments that tore through nearby aircraft. Its interesting that we continue to use the term todaycatching flak at the office as one example., Flak in the Second World War was very effective. The versatile 88mm cannon was Germany's main heavy antiaircraftor flakgun during World War II. They were not nearly as effective at puncturing bomber aircraft as armor-piercing bullets, but were far more effective than standard bullets because they could also ignite fuel if they came into contact with a fuel tank or pipeline. Flak is basically a cannon that launches a shell up in the air, in the path of the airplane, and the shell explodes when it gets up there, sending pellets in all directions, hopefully hitting the airplane nearby, like in that graphic. One-Handed Flail The flail is a medieval weapon that's instantly familiar. Why choose humask pro masks?Why choose humask pro masks? When an 88 shell hit directly, it often completely destroyed a bomber. Bullet 50 feet from the plane? All of this in one go, it would not be possible to do it like it is shown ingame. The US repeated it for N. Korea and N. Vietnam but failed again ( a whole another story) so luckily its not an era we will see again. The 88 earned its reputation as the best overall gun of the war. SKU:CO5613468. [64] [65], During WW2, the Germans had at least five acoustic fuzes for anti-aircraft use under development, though none saw operational service. [2] The British Royal Flying Corps forbade the use of incendiary ammunition for air-to-air combat with another airplane, as their use against personnel was at first considered to be a violation of the St. Petersburg Declaration. All of these earlier methods have disadvantages. . Firing pin: Strikes the back of the flare and causes it to explode and shoot off down the barrel. Combat Extended adds a plethora of new features to the game, many of which are not immediately apparent. Nevertheless, it did a good job of stopping shell blasts, rocket fragments, and slow speed bullets fired at a moderate range. One hopes that they were prepared for a . The one on your picture is either 2 or 3. In their place were hastily trained factory workers, schoolboys, prisoners of war, older men not fit for combat and by the end of the war they introduced the first batteries manned by women for the defence of Berlin. Copyrights 2023 All Rights Reserved by Scientific Know-How Inc. They never pooled their resources, instead each would go their own way, often siting individual radars in the same place., Two myths about flak: one it was not very effective, from an Allied point of view, and second the Allied bombing campaign against Germany created a second front siphoning off thousands of men to man the guns and robbing the German army of valuable men. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Fuze assembly was completed at General Electric plants in Schenectady, New York and Bridgeport, Connecticut. [60] German divisions were caught out in open as they had felt safe from timed fire because it was thought that the bad weather would prevent accurate observation. The explosive power, coupled with the flash on impact which guided their aim, was much appreciated by pilots. For sale: 88mm - $100,000 - $150,000. Though deadly, the effective range of these bullets was only 350 yards (320 m), as the phosphorus charge burned quickly. Vote! Thank you. The amplitude of the reflected signal corresponded to the closeness of the target. A 155mm artillery fuze with selector for point/proximity detonation (currently set to proximity). Fuzes of this type can be defeated by degaussing, using non-metal hulls for ships (especially minesweepers) or by magnetic induction loops fitted to aircraft or towed buoys. Many postwar histories accepted the testimony of leading figures within the Luftwaffe that ground based AA defences achieved limited success in destroying Allied bombers. Same principle is used for special types of shrapnel ammo in the Carl Gustav recoilless rifle. This is due to the same effect. Several ideas had been considered, including optical systems that shone a light, sometimes infrared, and triggered when the reflection reached a certain threshold, various ground-triggered means using radio signals, and capacitive or inductive methods similar to a metal detector. All ammunition types are produced at Factories or Mass Production Factories. Sure, in UT99 there is some sort of piston that pushes ammo into the firing chamber, but it's placement makes it impossible to get access to ammo from the magazine, there is no space for that. I was wondering how such weapon could possibly work, how would cycling ammo work with such a shape and configuration, how does the weapon remove used cartridges from the barrel, how the heck does fresh ammo get in the barrel in the first place (you just see a new shot move magically into the firing chamber). Flak damaged tens of thousands of bombers. [35][36] On 6 May 1941, the NBS team built six fuzes which were placed in air-dropped bombs and successfully tested over water. This is the standard high-explosive type ordnance initially designed for the German 88mm FlaK cannons in the early period of WW2, and then successfully used by the later tank KwK.36 cannons too, in the period 1933-45. A fireball from a kamikaze attack engulfs the USS Columbia during a battle near the Philippines in 1945. Flak jackets were never designed or developed to provide protection against gunfire, though some can sustain the velocity of a bullet depending on the specific body armor and weapon. The belt had 10 pockets. Whats the difference back then to your description? The flak also blew up the trees, which created additional deadly shrapnel. This is particularly dangerous when they strike flammable substances or dry brush. Eine andere -Site. Many postwar histories accepted the testimony of leading figures within the Luftwaffe that ground based AA defences achieved limited success in destroying Allied bombers.Mar 25, 2021. Work was split in 1942, with Tuve's group working on proximity fuzes for shells, while the National Bureau of Standards researchers focused on the technically easier task of bombs and rockets. High explosive with a pressed in pyrotechnic tracer self destruct cap, hexogen filled, impact only fuze. I can't remember where I read it now but in the early days of World War Two, the British Air Ministry was deluged with well-meaning crackpot ideas. The shell detonates and sends a flurry of ball bearings and shrapnel in all directions. In May 1940 a formal proposal from Butement, Edward S. Shire, and Amherst F.H. If either is wrong, then even accurately aimed shells may explode harmlessly before reaching the target or after passing it. All aircraft were susceptible to flak. Thanks for reading my nosense about the flak cannon. Soviet artillery and tanks weren't able to penetrate the huge concrete tower, allowing the Germans to keep shooting. As a result, Ukrainian forces have . The gun pits were arranged to enable the high altitude flak guns ( probably British army 3.7 in guns) fire in unison to create a box pattern when the shells exploded at the preset height and would follow the track of the bombers That was the means a lethal zone was put where the bombers were expected to be. https://www.quora.com/Why-cant-A-A-missiles-be-used-against-ground-targets-and-A-G-missiles-against-air-targets. 4,000 guns were made, but they only really had value as propaganda. The units come from different Camps in Warpath. Work on the radio shell fuze was completed by Tuve's group, known as Section T, at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab (APL). These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. [58] After General Dwight D. Eisenhower demanded he be allowed to use the fuzes, 200,000 shells with VT fuzes (code named "POZIT"[59]) were used in the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944. [67] [68]. The signals were in-phase one instant and out-of-phase a few hundred microseconds later. There are three types of player-loadable ammunition in World of Warships: high explosive (HE), armor piercing (AP), and semi-armor piercing (SAP). When the cell current changed a certain amount in a certain time interval, the detonation was triggered. Consequently, a low frequency signal, corresponding to the frequency difference between the oscillator and the received signal, developed at the oscillator's plate terminal. This process continued for the last 10 months of the war, robbing German cities of vital flak defences. Notes. These include rounds for the Gepard aerial flak system that Ukraine has successfully deployed against Iranian-made suicide drones, in particular. More American 8th Air Force aces were shot down by flak than enemy fighters.. [40], In the US, NDRC focused on radio fuzes for use with anti-aircraft artillery, where acceleration was up to 20,000g as opposed to about 100g for rockets and much less for dropped bombs. The allies had the edge with the VT fuse. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Regular $179.99 (Save $50.00) $129.99. or 7k? Absolute yikes. It was justifiably feared by Allied airmen, tankers, and foot soldiers because of its accuracy, lethality, and versatility. Gun batteries aboard cruiser USSCleveland(CL-55) tested proximity-fuzed ammunition against radio-controlled drone aircraft targets over Chesapeake Bay. Most of the official Allied histories downplayed its role. The Germans and the Allies, to a certain extent, used the number of enemy aircraft shot down by fighters and those by flak as a measurement as to its effectiveness. | Latest News India The British shared a wide range of possible ideas for designing a fuze, including a photoelectric fuze and a radio fuze, with United States during the Tizard Mission in late 1940. Flak Ammo is a type of bullet that spreads in flight, making it good for medium-ranged combat. [46] Captain S. R. Shumaker, Director of the Bureau of Ordnance's Research and Development Division, coined the term to be descriptive without hinting at the technology. The weapon was deployed on German tanks, as an antitank gun, an assault gun, and for antiaircraft purposes.Mar 8, 2016. Getting that right was harder than you would think with the limited means of getting the planes altitude and speed right and they would only have a few minutes at most to do so. Proximity fuzes are also useful for producing air bursts against ground targets. The cannon was fully automatic and effective against aircraft flying at altitudes up to 4,200 m. The cannon was produced in both towed and self-propelled versions. Most of the official Allied histories downplayed its role. If you want to contribute, READ THIS FIRST . The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". It's hard to hit a fast moving target with a bullet, which is why they use shotguns with shot ammo with a lot of small pellets inside to hunt birds, to basically have the bird fly through a rain of pellets, ensuring that at least one hits it. The Columbia survived, but 13 crew members were killed. To craft you need a weapons box and some materials (Iron, wood, and gunpowder mostly). Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. The tables below give the armor penetration figures of the most common German guns used during the Second World War. Thomas Kirkman May 27, 2020 @ 1:20pm. Before that, they can be purchased from the vending machine outside Crazy . Don't Panic! German WWII Luftwaffe Flak Artillery Badge. An example of flak is the exploding ammunition that can damage a military plane when flying over enemy territory. A minor problem encountered by the British was that the fuze was sensitive enough to detonate the shell if it passed too close to a seabird and a number of seabird "kills" were recorded.