which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology

These mental shortcuts are typically informed by our past experiences and allow us to act quickly. Practical intelligence Memory is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time (Figure 8.2). Think about what you do when you walk into an elevator (Figure 7.4). B. the scores are distributed across all points evenly. d. validity. There are three types of encoding. An algorithm is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem. Understanding the difference between explicit memory and implicit memory is important because aging, particular types of brain trauma, and certain disorders can impact explicit and implicit memory in different ways. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. refers to the sense that one is in control of one's own life. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. 1. d. mental sets. In psychology, one of these problem-solving approaches is known as an algorithm. c. $2,438. B. the availability heuristic. When you first learn new skills such as driving a car, you have to put forth effort and attention to encode information about how to start a car, how to brake, how to handle a turn, and so on. B. Heritability has no meaning when applied to a single case. answer choices The process of assigning value to a variable. In their model, storing memories in short-term memory is like opening different files on a computer and adding information. Did you think of jelly? b. studies showing that animals make instinctual sounds only. b. analytical Q. A. simulation heuristic. Dan, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. C. inductive reasoning. In this case, Carla should A six-year-old child with a mental age of 6 would have an IQ of B. followed the fixation technique to solve the problem. c. convergent thinking. semantic. The senses serve as the interface between the mind and the external environment, receiving stimuli and translating it into nervous impulses that are transmitted to the brain. B. B. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. They make fewer mistakes than their less-imaginative counterparts. You have to cook dinner for 30 people on Saturday. D. attention bias. Identify the most shielded and least shielded protons in (a) 2-Bromobutane (b) 1, 1, 2-Trichloropropane (c) Tetrahydrofuran. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, During active rehearsal, you repeat (practice) the information to be remembered. d. communicate with one another; represent their own mental activity, Communicate with one another; represent their own mental activity. D. hindsight bias, ________ is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. 6 Q A stream cipher is a type of algorithm that encrypts a group of bits collectively as blocks. c. syntax They also sometimes focus on how we organize thoughts and information gathered from our environments into meaningful categories of thought, which will be discussed later. a. thought processes and concepts are controlled by language. Your apartment is a mess and you have nothing to wear. When you read the words car, dog, and book you created images of these things in your mind. Explicit memory is sometimes referred to as declarative memory, because it can be put into words. b. Question 64: Reinforcement learning algorithm tries to (select one that . Margaret fell down her basement stairs and suffered serious injury to her amygdala. This book uses the c. divergent thinking. A. When the solution to a problem suddenly comes to mind, it is called: c. Algorithmscan replace the source code in programs. C. 15 to 20 This would be similar to finding and opening a paper you had previously saved on your computers hard drive. d. is the latest technology in teaching deaf people to talk. A. autistic. Processing speed Gardner believes that reason, logic, and knowledge are: a. the same ability. IQ is assumed to be normally distributed with a mean IQ of 100 and a typical standard deviation of about: moment. D. a seven-year-old child with an IQ of 40 who was born with brain damage and needs constant attention from caregivers, an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile The fact that we hear about airplane crashes on the news more often than we hear about automobile crashes may lead us to believe that we are more likely to die in a plane than a car. What could have affected Genie's mentally? However, heuristics are really more of a rule-of-thumb; they don't always guarantee a correct solution. d. mechanical solution. Really quickly, what is the first word that comes to mind when you hear peanut butter? Whichofthefollowingoptionsistrueaboutalgorithms?a. a. culture does not Mental images Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a definite solution to problem. d. collective monologue. 20. You may find yourself asking, How much information can our memory handle at once? To explore the capacity and duration of your short-term memory, have a partner read the strings of random numbers (Figure 8.5) out loud to you, beginning each string by saying, Ready? and ending each by saying, Recall, at which point you should try to write down the string of numbers from memory. Knowing which approach to use is important because these two methods can vary in terms of speed and accuracy. Choose all that apply. There are many different examples of how algorithms can be used in daily life. Although individual experiences and expertise can affect concept arrangement, concepts are believed to be arranged hierarchically in the mind (Anderson & Reder, 1999; Johnson & Mervis, 1997, 1998; Palmer, Jones, Hennessy, Unze, & Pick, 1989; Rosch, Mervis, Gray, Johnson, & Boyes-Braem, 1976; Tanaka & Taylor, 1991). and you must attribute OpenStax. A. are complex strategies that suggest a solution to a problem. A. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo A triangle always has three angles and three sides. An algorithm is a software used to compute numbers. A. Its formal written version is called a program, or code. A. C. subgoaling. According to ________ there are three forms of intelligence, whereas according to ________ there are nine types of intelligence. And most of it has no impact on our lives. Predict whether the dissociation of the dimer to the monomer is exothermic or endothermic, based on the fact that at higher temperatures the yellow color of the solution intensifies. d. where a person lives does not, What a person knows about a particular type of object does, A recent study has shown that for a group of individuals with ______, computerized cognitive exercises that placed increasing demands on auditory perception were beneficial. In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, stimuli from the environment are processed first in sensory memory: storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. Can you remember every event you have experienced over the course of your lifemeals, conversations, clothing choices, weather conditions, and so on? For example, what was your professor wearing the last class period? C. Fixation These stages were first proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968). determine the nearest neighbors of each of the data. You likely thought about staying upright in the beginning, but now you just do it. It involves recollection of visual imagery as well as the feeling of familiarity (Hassabis & Maguire, 2007). most scores are around the average score. Which of the following is the main difference between algorithms and heuristics? divide them into groups of data that are near each other. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology 2022-06-21T19:02:13+00:00 lakers celebrity seating chart 2019 bottle caps candy root beer only a. concepts preceded and aided the development of language. You might perform this script two or three times each day. Semantic memory is knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts. a. communicate with one another; dream more vividly b. tomato citation tool such as, Authors: Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, Marilyn D. Lovett. D. creative, US FR Final: First Period: Early Years of the. Similarly, most people have a song that causes a specific emotional response. When he says his name, people think it sounds like "jaw-dun." The 60 words were actually divided into 4 categories of meaning, although the participants did not know this because the words were randomly presented. A. Remember the elevator? Most likely none of us could even come close to answering these questions; however, American actress Marilu Henner, best known for the television show Taxi, can remember. A. rethink and redefine his problem. Preparing for the dinner party in this way is an example of b. reliability. d. an image of the instructor. The less likely that person will succeed in an academic setting. B. c. Australian children. 9 to 11 It feels almost impossible to walk in and not face the door. declarative memory. C. 90. a person's age at the time the memory is processed. An event schema, also known as a cognitive script, is a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine. The fact that none of the animals have achieved language development comparable to a 3-year-old human. Participants were given words along with questions about them. B. algorithm The Algorithm Problem Solving Approach in Psychology. What do developmental psychologists seek to understand? That song's effect could be an implicit emotional memory (Yang, Xu, Du, Shi, & Fang, 2011). _____ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. To make this process more complex, the brain does not gather information from external environments only. When thoughts are formed, the mind synthesizes information from emotions and memories (Figure 7.2). So you have worked hard to encode (via effortful processing) and store some important information for your upcoming final exam. b. insight e. $23,000. C. Even if the heritability of a characteristic is very high, the environment seldom matters. Choose all that apply. C. divergent thinking. Visual encoding is the encoding of images, and acoustic encoding is the encoding of sounds, words in particular. The sentence "The bicycle talked the boy into buying a candy bar" is. In psychology, algorithms are frequently contrasted with heuristics. : Which of the following is the correct definition of algorithms? a. In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray made the unfounded claim that: This is one of the reasons why much of what we teach young children is done through song, rhyme, and rhythm. Intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation) is a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has an IQ of ________ and has difficulty adapting to everyday life. There are memories in visual-spatial form, as well as memories of spoken or written material, and they are stored in three short-term systems: a visuospatial sketchpad, an episodic buffer (Baddeley, 2000), and a phonological loop. A. creativity. Find the percentage. D. They are initial goals that put the individual in a better position for reaching a final solution. Fast or frugal, but not both: decision heuristics under time pressure. D. prototyping. 110 d. all languages are similar in certain universal ways. Then suddenly, "Aha!" Once the information has been encoded, we have to somehow retain it. D. 25. Which of the following characteristics is essential to the process of critical thinking? b. four Call Today +971 2 4440458 Al-Muror Road, Behind Al-Mushrif Mall, Abu dhabi She carefully follows her mother's recipe to ensure that the dish turns out correctly. c. 30. A. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. Concepts are informed by our semantic memory (you will learn more about semantic memory in a later chapter) and are present in every aspect of our lives; however, one of the easiest places to notice concepts is inside a classroom, where they are discussed explicitly. On the other hand, if time is an issue, then it may be best to use a heuristic. Q. Lets say you graduated from high school 10 years ago, and you have returned to your hometown for your 10-year reunion. c. beet She has looked at several different possibilities and now must select which apartment best suits her needs. c. the fact that scientists have proven animals capable of sign language only. B. confirmation bias B. ignore all the subgoals created by him during the problem-solving process. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. (credit: Robert Couse-Baker). Short-term memory (STM) is a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory. a. a surreal and hazy picture. d. 100, ________, which is caused by a defect in a male gene that leads to deficiency in a protein needed for brain development, is a biological cause of intellectual disability. d. the fact that none of the animals have achieved language development comparable to a 3-year-old human. b. objective. Our ability to retrieve information from long-term memory is vital to our everyday functioning. d. the better that person is at breaking a problem down into component parts for problem solving. B. refers to the ability to yield a consistent result to what it is intended to measure. Psychotherapy (Chic). 2010;47(4):554-69. doi:10.1037/a0021184, Bobadilla-Suarez S, Love BC. d. different aspects of intelligence. The notes were sour because the seams split. A. The system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences is: According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory, information passes through three distinct stages in order for it to be stored in long-term memory. c. actual tasks involving cognition. a. There are several types of schemata. Upon waking each morning, you begin thinkingcontemplating the tasks that you must complete that day. D. used a heuristic to solve her packing problem. a. intelligence. Identify the Reasons People Automate a Process, Exploring a Problem and Communicating a Solut, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Charles E. Leiserson, Clifford Stein, Ronald L. Rivest, Thomas H. Cormen, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology. A mechanical problem-solving technique is also referred to as: Students from various groups within the U.S., as well as students from other countries, may have problems with this question because it is probably In waking up and getting ready for class in the morning, one might follow a(n): Is an innate human ability to understand and produce language. When you remember or recall something, you activate a concept, and the related concepts are more easily remembered because they are partially activated. Simply put, cognition is thinking, and it encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. Confirmation bias A more creative method of problem-solving is the use of: If there is a smell that makes you feel positive and nostalgic, and you don't know where that response comes from, it is an implicit emotional response. Monique routinely uses a shredder to shred her junk-mail into confetti-sized pieces of paper, which she then just throws away. Strategies to stimulate divergent thinking. D. relying on the opinions of others. Question 2. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. Using the present value factors in your text (Tables 6-4 and 6-5), the net present value of the project is (rounded) Unlike short-term memory, long-term memory storage capacity is believed to be unlimited. You were probably not that good at riding a bicycle or driving a car the first time you tried, but you were much better after doing those things for a year. D. subgoal. D. categorical thinking. George Miller's classic research showed that the average capacity of short-term is between _____ units of information. Choosing which apartment is best is an example of According to Baddeley and Hitch, a central executive part of memory supervises or controls the flow of information to and from the three short-term systems, and the central executive is responsible for moving information into long-term memory. Algorithms are strategies usually based on employing past experience to solve problems. Peterson and Peterson (1959) investigated short-term memory using the three letter sequences called trigrams (e.g., CLS) that had to be recalled after various time intervals between 3 and 18 seconds. The haystack was important because the cloth ripped. are licensed under a, Neo-Freudians: Adler, Erikson, Jung, and Horney. C. mental set Dr. Ambrose is administering an intelligence test, and one question asks, "During what month of the year does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship games start?" B. problem solving. b. not important in measuring intelligence. Dec 19, 2022 OpenStax. A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). This is known as automatic processing, or the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words. b. convergent thinking. A. heuristic Event schemata like these are the reason why many habits are difficult to break once they have been acquired. Hillary meets her brother's friend Drake, who is a tall, lanky man. D. decision making. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . a. convergent thinking. D. the child's IQ is above average. Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics for solving real-life problems? d. two, You're asked to come up with a new slogan for your school's Psychology Club. The 60 words were actually divided into 4 categories of meaning, although the participants did not know this because the words were randomly presented. d. Psychiatrists. c. Psychology is not considered a science, but is a form of sociology. PRNGs attempt to create numbers that are as random as possible. a. an algorithmic solution Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees, Organizational Psychology: The Social Dimension of Work, Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design, Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case, The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization. This book uses the C. finding and framing the problem c. mental set. While schemata allow for more efficient information processing, there can be problems with schemata, regardless of whether they are accurate: Perhaps this particular firefighter is not brave, they just work as a firefighter to pay the bills while studying to become a childrens librarian. When this happens, your brain automatically activates the firefighter schema and begins making assumptions that this person is brave, selfless, and community-oriented. The process is known as spreading activation (Collins & Loftus, 1975). Why is this? C. 75. While often thought of purely as a mathematical term, the same type of process can be followed in psychology to find the correct answer when solving a problem or making a decision. Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F) in Business. The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is. Encoding information occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing. Which of the following statements is true of the development of the brain in humans? B. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's _____ abilities, whereas essay exams involve testing _____ abilities. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. Multiple Choice Q19 b. concepts are universal and influence the development of language. Storage is the creation of a permanent record of information. A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). B. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time Intervention bias a. the same ability. C. the representativeness heuristic c. language could help a child learn to control social behavior. Both can be useful when problem-solving, but it is important to understand the differences between them. A prompt, such as that the restaurant was named after its owner, might help you recall the name of the restaurant. Trace Swedens transition from socialism to capitalism. c. practical Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. Episodic memory is information about events we have personally experienced (i.e., an episode). c. Clinical neuropsychologists If you are working in a situation where you absolutely need the correct or best possible answer, your best bet is to use an algorithm. You decide to do your laundry Thursday night, buy the groceries on Friday, clean the apartment Saturday morning, and cook the dinner Saturday evening. c. prototype. C. It involves drawing conclusions based on facts. Mathematical formulas, like the equation for area (length width) are artificial concepts defined by specific sets of characteristics that are always the same. When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on recognition to help you choose the correct answer. Pessimism D. subgoal. What did you eat for lunch on April 10, 2009? You never face the back of the elevator, do you? Automatic processing is usually done without any conscious awareness. Which of the following is a true statement regarding algorithms? The questions required the participants to process the words at one of the three levels. Long term memory has a storage capacity that is virtually unlimited. An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. If complete accuracy is required, it is best to use an algorithm. A person's knowledge about the world is known as _____ memory. _________ often work with individuals who have traumatic brain injury. B. category. transformers: power of the primes swoop; mountaingate country club celebrity members; portmore st catherine jamaica; death note boyfriend scenarios when you cuddle A. generalized. B. So how do you determine when to use a heuristic and when to use an algorithm? Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site Trial and error is another term for: it involves bottom-up processing creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. Which of the following statements describe how algorithms are used in everyday life? When using the computer as an analogy to explain the relationship between cognition and the brain, the brain is described as the computer's _____ and cognition is described as its _____. A FalseA stream cipher is a type of algorithm that encrypts each byte in a message one at a time. This is an example of: People who believe that aliens have come to earth may disregard evidence that crop circles are human-made. However, this would be very time-consuming and treatment needs to be implemented quickly. Dec 19, 2022 OpenStax. By using an algorithm, accuracy is increased and potential mistakes are minimized. d. music notes on a keyboard. Creative intelligence d. be reliable. You absorb a large quantity of information by listening to and participating in discussions, examining maps, and reading first-hand accounts of peoples lives. B. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. An algorithm is a finite sequence of precise instructions for performing a computation or solving a problem. d. IQ. Post author: Post published: 22/06/2022 Post category: luxury picnic houston Post comments: jacob lowe weight loss pictures jacob lowe weight loss pictures Multiple Choice Q17 _____ psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of higher mental processes,including thinking,language,memory,problem solving,knowing,reasoning,and judging. d. means-end analysis. Which of the following is true of creative thinkers? According to the biases and heuristics in decision making, it can be concluded that Hillary mirrors ________ in this scenario. D. Concepts/problem solving, In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because many real-life problems (credit a: modification of work by Maarten Takens; credit b: modification of work by Shayan (USA)/Flickr), What event schema do you perform when riding in an elevator? Unless the knowledge in short term memory is retained by repetition or other such techniques, it has a very small capacity (7 items +/- 2) and a short period (max 30 seconds). Lets quickly test your autobiographical memory. C. are ill defined or vague. The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as retrieval. Despite not knowing this person, already you have unknowingly made judgments about them. Think of it as the information you have displayed on your computer screen, such as a document, spreadsheet, or website. D. They may use established criteria to make judgments. There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. By Kendra Cherry D. socially maladjusted. A. grasping the deeper meaning of ideas You would probably have an easier time recalling the words car, dog, and book, and a more difficult time recalling the words level, truth, and value. In order for people to be able to tell you how many televisions they have in their house, they would probably use: Which of the following is a true statement regarding algorithms? We encode the sounds the words make. Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? _____ is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. answer choices converting visual information into something meaningful converting sound into vibrations bringing information housed in long-term memory to mind holding information just long enough to work with it Question 2 30 seconds Q. Implicit memory has been studied with cognitive demand tasks, such as performance on artificial grammars (Reber, 1976), word memory (Jacoby, 1983; Jacoby & Witherspoon, 1982), and learning unspoken and unwritten contingencies and rules (Greenspoon, 1955; Giddan & Eriksen, 1959; Krieckhaus & Eriksen, 1960). C. do not guarantee an answer. a. symbols on a keyboard and sign language. An artificial concept, on the other hand, is a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics. a. visual/spatial intelligence. consent of Rice University. Shes surprised at how quickly shes able to pick up the language after not speaking it for 13 years; this is an example of relearning. A. risk avoidance (b) In contrast, artificial concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that they always exhibit, such as what defines different basic shapes. Artificial concepts can enhance the understanding of a topic by building on one another. c. confirmation bias. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written ________ is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension, despite normal intelligence. A(n) _____ is a physical or biological deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation. She has an amazing and highly superior autobiographical memory (Figure 8.7).